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Mold Information
Defining Mold - The presence of mold, water damage, or musty
odors should be addressed immediately. In all instances, any
source(s) of water must be stopped and the extent of water
damage determined. Water damaged materials should be dried and
repaired. Environmental sampling is then recommended to
determine the type and extent of the existing mold. Mold is a
structural, health and environmental problem. some mold defects
can't be seen and will only be detected through sampling. |
Stachybotrys
This mold is a slow growing fungus. It grows well on high
cellulose materials like straw, grass, saw dust, lumber and
drywall plaster board or ceiling tiles. Like a fungi, it
requires a moisture source. About15 species of Stachybotrys can
be found worldwide, but it is most common in the Western U.S.
Generally, this mold grows where the relative humidity is above
55 percent or the material is water-saturated. In studies
conducted in North America, Stachybotrys was found in 2 to 3
percent of home environments sampled. |
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Disease - Stachybotrys atra spores are
breathed into the lungs. Persons with chronic exposure to the
toxin report cold or flu-like symptoms with sore throat,
diarrhea, headaches, fatigue, dermatitis, intermittent local
hair loss and general malaise. The toxins may also suppress the
immune system. Infants may be particularly susceptible to the
effects of these inhaled mycotoxins because their lungs are
growing very rapidly. Mycotoxins are lipid-soluble and are
readily absorbed by the intestinal lining, airways, and skin.
How to Control Stachybotrys - Homes and buildings with
water damage should be repaired, the source of moisture
eliminated, and all moldy material should be removed. Reduce
humidity in the home with adequate venting of appliances such as
dryer vents bathroom and kitchen cooking vents, etc. Even
"excessively sealed" homes with inadequate air exchange can
cause high humidity inside from showers, cooking, laundry, etc.
Although some molds can be killed by cleaning the moldy surface
with chlorine, Stachybotrys oten has a germ, mycelium, that is
buried inside the water damaged surface that may be inaccessible
to chlorine. It is best to remove all of the water damaged
material. |
Aspergillus
A group of molds which is found everywhere world-wide,
especially in the autumn and winter in the Northern hemisphere.
Only a few of these molds can cause illness in humans and
animals. Most people are naturally immune and do not develop
disease caused by Aspergillus. However, when disease does occur,
it takes several forms.
Disease - The type of diseases caused by Aspergillus are
varied, ranging from an ‹allergyŠ-type illness to
life-threatening generalised infections. Diseases caused by
Aspergillus are called aspergillosis. The severity of
aspergillosis is determined by various factors but one of the
most important is the state of the immune system of the person. |
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Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) -
This is a condition which produces an allergy to the spores of
the Aspergillus moulds. It is quite common in asthmatics; up to
20% of asthmatics might get this at some time during their
lives.
Aspergilloma - The type of diseases caused by Aspergillus are
varied, ranging from an ‹allergyŠ-type illness to
life-threatening generalized infections. Diseases caused by
Aspergillus are called aspergillosis. The severity of
aspergillosis is determined by various factors but one of the
most important is the state of the immune system of the person.
Aspergillus Sinusitis - The type of diseases caused by Aspergillus are varied, ranging from an ‹allergyŠ-type illness
to life-threatening generalised infections. Diseases caused by
Aspergillus are called aspergillosis. The severity of
aspergillosis is determined by various factors but one of the
most important is the state of the immune system of the person.
Invasive Aspergillosis - The type of diseases caused by
Aspergillus are varied, ranging from an ‹allergyŠ-type illness
to life-threatening generalised infections. Diseases caused by
Aspergillus are called aspergillosis. The severity of
aspergillosis is determined by various factors but one of the
most important is the state of the immune system of the person. |
Penicillium
Some Penicillium species are fairly common indoor fungi, even
in clean environments. This particular specie of fungi can
proliferate in abundance in indoor environments. P. species can
be found at the sub-basement levels offices and rooms, in
libraries, auditorium, storage room of paper materials and also
in ventilation systems. Some P.species can produce small,
nondescript conidia and complex mixtures of metabolites that are
more or less toxic. |
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Like all other molds, spores have the highest
concentrations of mycotoxin, although the vegetative portion of
the mold, the mycelium, can also contain the poison.
Disease - Exposure to the various penicillium toxin can result
in the following ill health effects:
- Patulin, a toxin from P. expansum: cytotoxic and/or carcinogenic
- Citrinin, a toxin from P. citrinum, - expansum & - viridicatum:
nephrotoxic
- Ochratoxin, a toxin from P. cyclopium & -viridicatum:
nephrotoxic
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Poria
Two major differences between poria and ordinary decay fungi
are that ordinary decay fungi require the structure to provide
the water (green wood, rain and plumbing leaks, condensation),
while poria provides its own water through rhizomorphs connected
to moist soil outside the structure, and poria dies quickly when
deprived of water, while ordinary decay fungi usually just go
dormant. These differences make both the detection and control
of poria very different from those of ordinary decay fungi. An
inspector who does not accurately diagnose poria infection can
make a company responsible for repairing extensive decay,
including that already repaired, within less than one year; or,
in the extreme, razing and rebuilding the entire structure. This
presentation provides illustrations of how to diagnose, evaluate
and control poria infections and an opportunity to question two
people with experience with this fungus.
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